Validating Strings as Numeric Using Regex in JavaScript

2025-07-14 2025-07-14

Tak@

To check if a string consists of half-width digits using regular expressions, use the pattern ^[0-9]+$.

This regex means "a string composed of one or more digits from 0 to 9." It matches strings like "001," "9," and "12345." It will not match strings that contain characters other than half-width digits, such as "A1234."

Additionally, to match half-width digits of a specific length, use curly braces {}. For example, to match a 7-digit half-width number, use ^[0-9]{7}$, which is useful for validating postal codes. To match half-width digits between 5 and 8 characters long, you can write ^[0-9]{5,8}$.

#	Match Condition	Regular Expression Pattern
1	All Half-width Digits	^[0-9]+$
2	Fixed-length n-digit Half-width Digits	^[0-9]{n}$
3	At least n-digit Half-width Digits	^[0-9]{n,}$
4	At most m-digit Half-width Digits	^[0-9]{1,m}$
5	Between n and m-digit Half-width Digits	^[0-9]{n,m}$

Regex Pattern List and Conditions

Source Code

Next, we introduce a JavaScript function that determines if an input string consists solely of half-width digits. This function can validate strings based on the following conditions:

If `minLength` is omitted: Checks if the string consists only of half-width digits and does not exceed the specified maximum length.
If `maxLength` is omitted: Checks if the string consists only of half-width digits and meets or exceeds the specified minimum length.
If both `minLength` and `maxLength` are omitted: Checks if the entire string consists solely of half-width digits.

/**
 * Checks if a string consists only of half-width digits.
 *
 * This function verifies if the string is composed entirely of half-width digits
 * and falls within the specified length range.
 *
 * @param {string} str The input string.
 * @param {?number} minLength Minimum length (defaults to 1 if null).
 * @param {?number} maxLength Maximum length (defaults to the string's length if null).
 * @return {boolean} Returns true if the input string meets the conditions, false otherwise.
 * @throws {Error} Throws an error if $minLength is less than 1, or if $maxLength is less than $minLength.
 */
function isNumeric(str, minLength = null, maxLength = null) {
    // Set default values
    const min = minLength === null ? 1 : Number(minLength);
    const max = maxLength === null ? str.length : Number(maxLength);

    // Input type validation
    if(isNaN(min)) {
        throw new Error("Minimum length must be an integer.");
    }

    if(isNaN(max)) {
        throw new Error("Maximum length must be an integer.");
    }

    // Argument validation
    if (min < 1) {
        // Throw an error if minLength is less than 1
        throw new Error("Minimum length must be an integer of 1 or more.");
    }

    if (maxLength !== null && max < min) {
        // Throw an error if maxLength is less than minLength
        throw new Error("Minimum length must be less than or equal to maximum length.");
    }

    // Construct the half-width digit regex pattern
    const pattern = maxLength === null
        ? new RegExp(`^[0-9]{${min},}$`) // If maxLength is unlimited
        : new RegExp(`^[0-9]{${min},${max}}$`);

    // Perform the regex check
    return pattern.test(str);
}